Permanent waving device



Jan. 1, 1935. F. 'RQ MARCEL K v PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Original Filed Sept. 3, 1931.

` lNvENToR Har/Malls A. Marre] MYMM@ ATTO R N EY Patented Jan. 1, 1935 f UNITED iItMANENT WAviNG DEVICE Franois R. Marcel, Brooklyn, N'. Y.

"Original application September 3, 1931, Serial No. .l

560,979. Divided and this application January4 4, isaaserialNoyaosc p 1o claims. `(o1. 132-36) The present case is a division of my application filed on the 3rd day of September `1931 andsef rially numbered 560,979, and'patented January 17,

l ducing what are known as permanent waves in the human hair, Whether in the detached form such as switches or transformations, or upon the human head. In the production of what is known as a permanent wave, it is customary to apply a chemical to a lock of hair and to wind the, hair upon a curler or pin and the pin andthe lock of the` baking process while under tensionmon the curling pin, its shape is permanently set so that, the waveor curl therein, even"thoughsubjected` to shampooing, is permanent in the sense thatV it' remains until newhair 'grows out fromthe head and replaces the portionwhich has been waved. In most, if not all of the electrical processes heretofore used, it has been customary to carry on the heating operation to a lpoint where all of the moisture or vapor has been `driven out of thedeu vice in order to make the wave permanent.v4 lThis has disadvantages because if the operator keeps the heat on for an appreciabletime after theL moisture has been driven out of the device, the hair is apt to beV scorched or burned and in that way permanently injured.

It is diflicult to know when the operation has been carried to the desired point because thehair is not visible while in thedevice. The operator generally has tc attend to a number of Waving devices `distributed aroundthe head'and they are not ordinarily all started at thesametime and with the same amount of moisture. The hair in one heater will therefore be dried at a diierent moment to another and the operator has diniculty in carrying the heating process to the extent of driving off all the moisture and terminating the heating operation before the hair hasv been injured.. 1

One object of the present invention is to provide a device wherein steam is generated by means of i Although the` electric heater is notin dissipating all ofthe, steam frornpthe device and, without carrying the baking operation to a point where the hair is entirely dry. y

With the present device it 'is possible to prevent any liquid from touching `the `hair directlyand allowing only the moisture inthe vapor` state toA reach the hair. It is also possibleto prevent the vapor, once generatedirom condensing intolquid until the process h'as'beencompleted.

Another object. of the invention is to provid 1 a devicehaving the above characteristics and in which what is known as` the Croquignolefwave mayA beproduced in permanent fcrmqf Another object` 'of the invention is to provide a dev-ice for producing." permanent Crcquignole waves by' having a tubular` member providedV withY a cross member' or headin' whichthepinonjyvhich the lock' ofhair wonnd may be @disposed at right angles tothe`tlibular`m,ember. Q "I Another object is `tdprovide a device-for pro,- ducing theCroquignole permanent wave and have ingv a tublularmember over which the ordinary electric heating element may be applied'forproducing theheat within the device for baking thehair, so that lwhile ,the` device'is adapted to produce permanent Croquignole waves,l it may .be used in connection `with theordinary cylindrical electric heaters now in` general use in connection;` with machines heretofre used for producing the helical waves.` f f With this arrangement hairdressers may be equipped with the Croquignole apparatus without discarding, but by making use of, the electrical equipment includingthe `cylindrical heaters with which they` have` heretofore been equipped4 for the helical wave.` This avoids Vthe necessity of dispensing with expensive equipment with which hairdressers are now equi-ppedin order to besupf-q. plied with apparatus forproducing the Croquig nole wave. -.It also permits the ordinary cylindricalelectric heaters.. to be vused either for the. helical wave or the Croquignole wave so that spef cial heaters are not required for the Croquignole wave. It is even desirable in many cases to produce boththe helical and Croquignole waves on the same head of `hair and this is `facilitated where the ordinary type of heater can be used' for both the helical and Croquignole waves.

Another object is to provide a device vwhich will drive the steam or vapor tothe end of the device nearest the head in'ordervto affect all parts of the lock of hair which is within the device and at the same time prevent the steam or vapor from passing out of the device near the head and striking the scalp. In this way injury to the scalpl is avoided and it is also possible to avoid uncomfortably heating the scalp.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple device made of rubber and connected with the heating tube near the head end for closing upon the lock of hair and preventing the hot vapors from passing to the scalp. Other objects of the invention will be set forth in the following detailed description.

In the drawing forming part of this application,

Figure 1 is an elevation of a hair waving device embodying my invention, showing the same in position for waving a lock of hair,

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1,

Fig. 2a is a sectional view of the upperportion of the tubes showing the closure member.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 but show ing. a modified form of rubber connecting member, l,

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 5-75 of AFigure 4, and i vFigure 6 is an elevation of a clamping member for y'clamping the ,neckY of the rubber member about the lock of hair. y

" 'I'he heating device wherein the hair is heated or baked consists primarily of an inner tube 1 disposed lengthwise within 4an, outer tube 2 and the inner tube may be provided withembossings or raisedportions 3 to engage the interior of the tube 2 and retain the two tubes spaced apart with anannular space 4 between them. The outer end of the tube l may be closed' by ajremovable plug 7' the same as iin my saidpatent. The plug 50 to which the tube` 1`is connected forms a closure for this tube at the 'endwhich is directed away from the head. The plug A has an aperture 51 which allows vapors to pass .from the annular, space between the tubes 1 and 2 into the bore of the plug which is controlled by the removable plug 7. The electric heater 5 shown in the drawing is of the type commonly used in electric waving machines which are arranged to produce ahelical wave; and, as stated above, the present device for making what is known as'the Croquignole wave is adapted to receive the same type of heater by 5 having it passed over the outer tube 2 untilit abuts against the external bead 6 formed on the outer tube 2, which acts as a stop to limit and determine the final position of the heater 5.

It will be understoodthat the ordinary type of y heater 5 has an opening through its center which permits it to bepassed over the tubular member 2. The heater is not shown in detail because it is 'rent is fed through the cable 7 for the purpose of producing heat within the heater which, in this case, will act upon the tube 2 over which it is placed to generate steam or vapor within the waving device. u

There is a connecting member 8, preferably of insulating material such as fibre and provided with a tubular portion fitting over one end of the tube 2. This kmember flares outwardly into a 70. head 9 which is elongated or oval in section as shown in Figure 3.. It has a projecting lip 10 around its open end or the end which is farthestV This rubber member also has an enlarged end or flange 13 which is shown as secured around its edge to a pad member 14 corresponding with the pad member shown in my said co-pending application, except that it is longer in one diameter than the other to conform more nearly with the lock of hair and winding pin and with the shape of the head 9. Y

The intermediate or neck portion 15 of this rubber connecting member is adapted to be clamped upon the portion of the lock of hair which passes through it, by means of the clamp shown in Figure 6. This clamp consists of two jaws 16 pivoted to each other at 17 and provided with opening jaws 18 to permit the device to be passed over the neck portion 15 of the rubber member 11.

`There is a locking member 19 which engages in the notch 20 and serves to hold the jaws closed upon the rubber neck of the connecting member.

In the formation of the Croquignole wave a winding pin vsuch* as is shown in Figures 2 and 3 is employed and upon which the lock of hair is adapted to be wound. The winding pin shown in the drawing is of well known form and consists of va body portion 21 usually reduced in diameter the lock of hair winds around the pin and the member22 and builds up in spiral form upon the pin and upon itself.

v The clamping arm 23 which is pivoted'on the pin 21-is then swung over against the hair which is wound on thepin. `The shield shown at the left in Figure 2 is to protectthe scalp during the waving operation and it preferably consists of the disc`14 of fibre or other relatively stiff material having aslot-24 extending across the center of the disc. This disc is secured around the outer edge of the" member 13 of the rubber connectingrmember either by cementing or by stitchingit thereto, or both. There is a pad of softer material 25 such as felt, and it is secured to the left hand face of the member 14 in Figure 2, such as by the same stitches which secure the member 14 tothe member 13. This soft' material has a slot 26 extending across its axis but at right angles to the slot 24 of the member 14,

all as shown in my said co-pending application.

` In using this form of device a lock of hair is combed out from the head and the free end is passed through the pad 25 and its backing member 14 and through the rubber connectingmember 11, these several parts being detached'from the head 9 while this operation is being carried o'ut( The vclamping member 16 is also removed froml the rubber connecting member while the hair is being passed therethrough.

The curling pin 21 is wound on the portion of thelock of hair which has been passed through the rubber connecting member 11 and when the lock of hair hasr been wound upon the curling pin the latter, with the hair wound thereon, is inserted into the oblong chamber 27 of the head 9, whereuponthe flange 12l of the rubber connecting'y member is tted over the bead 10 of the member 9 so that the soft rubber member is in this manner'connected with this head.

4Around-the tube 1 there isa moisture carrier theiouter tube 2 until it rests against the bead6. e`

orabsorbentmaterial 28 which vis supplied with moisture before the baking'operation begins. `Assuming the above operations have been com# pleted, the clamping device shown in Figure 6 will be applied to the intermediate or neck portion 15 of the rubber connecting member by causing the arms 16 to straddlethis `member and then pressing the arms toward Teach other and finally swinging the locking member` 19 over to engage in the notch 20. This clamping member' Will thenclamp the intermediate portion 115 of the rubber connecting member tightly against thelock of hair to prevent the-passage of vapor or steam` to the left in Figure 2 beyond the chamber" 27 so that the steam or vapor cannot reach the scalp'but can reachall parts ofthe hair `that are on the winding member A21. l 1 A The electric heater 5 may nowbeplaced over tric heater to generate heat 2 2j v i The air in the concentric space between the tubes 1 and 2 Will rst'be heatedand gradually the liquid in the pad 28;willbe heated to a point where it is vaporized. i 'I'his'fvapori or steam will pass from lthe inner tube into the chamber 27 of the head and circulate around the lockV of hair which is on the curling y It will be understood that" any well known waving solution may be 'applied' to the `lock 0f hair before it is closedwithin the chamber 27, the

Current may now beturned on tohcause the elec'- same as in other processes of waving hair. When the heating operation has been carried to a point where the wave is permanently set in the hair,

the electric heater maybe `removed and the parts of the Waving device may be disassembled in the reverse order to that just described; `that is to say, the rubber member 11 maybe detached from the head 9, the clamp 16 mayV be removed from upon the entire device will be removedfrom the hair. y i

In the present device the liquid is vaporized and it is completely circulated around the lock of hair and the waving operation may be completed without reducing the hair to a dry state,

thereby avoiding injury to the hair.

` ber 30 is shown as provided with a thin`wall` flange 31` which engages over the flange 32of` the insulating member 33,` which performs the same function es themember 8"'in the first described Iform. The rubber connecting member has also a flange 34 which is adapted to receive and hold therein the pad 35,- 36 which corresponds with the pad 14 and 25 'of the rst `described form of the invention. f

The neck portion 37 of this rubber connecting member has a relatively thicker wall in which Aheater for forming the Croquignole Wave;

thereis a locking member 42 pivoted to one'of these ends and provided with a cam lever 43 `for pressing on the opposite end of the spring to tighten the spring around the neck member 37.

When the lock of hair is passed through the aperture 38 and the spring is applied to the neck -of the rubber member the loops 39,40 of the spring press on `opposite sides against the neck but at different vertical planes and they compress the neck snugly against the lock of hair and form a close fit between the neck 37 and the hair for the purpose of preventing vapors from passing through the connecting `member and against the scalp of the person.

It will be observed that by forming a tubular generating chamber for receiving the electric heater 5 thereover, that the ordinary types of heaters heretofore used in making the helical Wave are readily adapted for heating the chambers 4 and 27. By arranging the elongated head 8 with the chamber 27l having its longest diameter at right angles t0 the annular space 4, the device is readily adapted for the forming of the well known Croquignole wave. In other words, it is not necessary to provide a special type of The present device is interchangeable withithehelical Waving devices insofar `as the vheaters'fare-z concerned. i y y In some cases helical waves may be-formed by the means shown in Figuresl and 2 of my said co-pending application for some of the locks "of hair on a given head, and the device shown and" described herein may be Vsimultaneouslyused'for other locks of hair on thesame'head Where the Croquignole wave isfdesired. Y

All of this may be accomplished whileusing the' ordinary type of electric heater which has heretofore been provided for the 4helical Wave alone.`

Most hair dressers are equippedrwith this type of the Croquignole wave.` i

The rubber connecting member shown in Figures land 2 is more or less spread out, whereas in actual use the members 12 and 13 may be pressed close together in order that the length of hair between the curling pin and the scalp may be as short as possible in order to have the hair' waved as near as possible to the scalp.

Having described my invention, what I claim is: Y

1. Aidevice for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including a tubular member adapted to receive 'thereover the ordinary cylindrical heater, means arrangedat one end of said tube to forman elongated chamber extending at right angles to 'said tube and adapted to receive and hold therein a lock ofhairwound upon a pin, and means adapted te be arranged betweensaid pin and the scalp for co-operatin'g with the lock of hair to prevent vapor from passing from said elongated chamber to the scalp.

2. A device for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including atnbular member adapted to receive thereover the ordinary cylindrical heater, a member formed of heat insulating material and attached to one end of said tube, said member forming an elongated chamber disposed at right angles to said tube with the interior of said chamber in communication with the interior of said tube, said chamber being adapted to receive a winding pin with a lock of hair Wound thereon disposed at right angles to the aXis of said tube, and means for co-operating with the lock of hair adapted to be placed between said chamber and said scalp to prevent vapors within said chamber from passing to the scalp.

f3. -A device for waving-the hair upon a persons scalp including a tubular member adapted to receive the ordinary cylindrical heater thereover, a member formed oi heat insulating material disposed at one end of said tubular member and forming ankelongated chamber disposed at right angles to said tubular member, with said chamber in communication with the interior of said tube, and a rubber connecting member detachably connected to the open side of said elongated chamber member, said'elongated chamber adapted to receive a winding pin with a lock of hair wound thereon and disposed at right angles to saidtubular member, said rubber connecting member adapted to have a lock of hair passed therethrough to be wound upon said winding pin,

` aV protecting pad mounted on said rubber con- '4. A device for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including a tubular portion adapted to receive thereover the ordinary cylindrical heater, an absorbent liquid holding member in said tubular device, means connected with one end of said tubular device to form an elongated chamber at right angles to said. tubular device, said chamber adapted to receive a Winding pin with a lock of hair wound thereon and disposed at right angles to said tubular device, and "a rubber connecting member detachably mounted on said elongated chamber membersaid rubber member adapted to have a lock of -hair passed therethrough, and means for clamping said rubber member against the lock of hair to prevent the escape of moisture from said chamber to thev scalp.

5. A device for waving hair, including a tubular member having a member at one end of Vheat insulating material, a rubber member having a pliable flange portion adapted to be iitted onto said connecting member and having a iange of pliable rubber for holding a shield, and a neck portion between said members of relatively thick rubber having an elongated aperture therethrough through which a lock of hair is adapted to be passed, and means for compressing said relatively thick portion against the lock of hair where it passes therethrough.

6. A device for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including inner and outer tubes, and means for holding them in spaced relation to provide an annular chamber between the tubes, the inner tube having the end which is disposed away from the persons head closed, and its opposite end in open communicationwith said annular chamber, said device having a head of oblong shape disposed crosswise of the axis of said tubes and providing a chamber adapted to receive a curling pin therein, laterally of the axis of said tubes, said chamber in said head being in communication with the interior of said tubes, means for preventing the escape of vapor :from said chamber toward the persons head from which the lock of hairV extends, and means for applying heat to said device.

'7. A device for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including -inner and outer tubes, and means for holding them in spaced relation to provide an annular chamber between the tubes, the inner tube having one end. in open communication withsaid annular space, said device havinga head of oblong shape disposed crosswise of the axis ofrsaidk tubes and providing a chamber adapted Ito receive a curling pin therein, laterally of the `axis of said tubes, said chamber in said head being in communication with the interior of said tubes, means forpreventing the escape of vapor from said chamber toward the persons head from which the lock of hair extends, and an electric heating device adapted to be applied to theV exterior of said outer tube for the purpose of heating said waving device.

X8. A device for waving the hair upon a persons scalp, including inner and outer tubes, and means for holding them in spaced relation to provide an annular chamber between the tubes, the inner tube having one end in open communication with said annular space, saiddevice having a head of oblong shape, composed of heat -insulating material, disposed crosswise of the axis of said tubes and providing a chamber adapted to receive a curling pin therein laterally of the axis of said tubes, said chamber in said head being in communication with the interior of said tubes, means for preventing thev escape of vapor from said chamber toward the persons head from which the lock of hair extends, and means for applying heat to said device.

9. A device for waving hair, including hollow means for receiving therein a lock of hair to be waved and means for heating said device, an end member for said device composed of pliable rubber having means for attaching the same to said waving device, and having a neck portion through which a lock of hair is adapted to extend, and means for compressing said neck portion against a lock of hair to prevent the escape of vapors through said end member and comprising a spring surrounding said neck portion and having loops pressing on opposite sides of said neck portion to compress the same against a lock of hair.

10. A device for waving hair including hollow means for receiving therein a lock of hair to be waved, and means for heating said device, an end member for said device composed of pliable rubber having means for attaching the same to said waving device and having a neck portion provided with an elongatedl opening therethrough to receive a lock of hair, a spring member having loops engaging opposite sides of said neck portion, the loops on opposite sides of said neck being staggered in relation to each other, and means for tightening said spring on said neck portion.

FRANQOIS R. MARCEL. 

